{"id":4135,"date":"2021-02-23T07:22:26","date_gmt":"2021-02-23T07:22:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/dermaplus\/blog\/acne-vulgaris-ili-jednostavno-akne\/"},"modified":"2025-01-06T15:58:26","modified_gmt":"2025-01-06T16:58:26","slug":"acne-vulgaris","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dermaplus.bozooart.com\/en\/blog\/acne-vulgaris\/","title":{"rendered":"Acne vulgaris"},"content":{"rendered":"

Acne vulgaris<\/strong> or simply acne is a common chronic inflammatory skin condition that occurs during puberty and adolescence, a period of significant psychosocial and physical changes. The disease affects more than 85% of young people aged 11 to 25 years.<\/p>\n

About 20% of patients have acne persist after the age of 20, which is more common in women. Around 15-30% of individuals have a severe form of the disease, increasing the risk of long-term consequences such as permanent scars and psychological issues resulting from acne. Many people believe that acne will go away on its own over time and do not seek help from a dermatologist.<\/p>\n

Since acne does not endanger general health, it is often only perceived as a cosmetic problem, and not given enough attention. However, people with more severe cases increase the likelihood of long-term consequences such as permanent scars and psychological issues as a result of acne.<\/p>\n

Acne is not caused by poor hygiene, and excessive cleansing and scrubbing with irritating products can worsen the condition and result in redness and peeling. Self-extracting pimples can also worsen the condition, causing an increased inflammatory reaction that may lead to hyperpigmentation and scarring. The fact is that many effective treatments are now available, which can significantly reduce the appearance of new lesions, and therefore the formation of scars as permanent consequences.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

How do acne occur?<\/h2>\n

It is believed that we inherit the size of sebaceous glands and their functional sensitivity to hormonal influence, as well as a tendency towards follicular keratosis (cornification). The influence of hormones with androgenic effects is important, whose circulating levels in the blood may not be elevated, but there is increased sensitivity of the sebaceous glands to these hormones. Under the influence of hormones, there is increased sebum secretion, keratinization disorders (cornification) of the follicles, multiplication of bacteria that are normally present on the skin, and consequently the formation of comedones, followed by inflammatory changes. Increased sebum secretion is one of the main prerequisites for acne development, and due to keratinization disorders, dead epithelial cells and sebum accumulate in the follicle, creating favorable conditions for bacteria and the subsequent formation of comedones.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Treatment of acne<\/h2>\n

Since acne is a chronic disease, it is important to start effective treatment as early as possible during the disease course. The treatment approach depends on several factors: the severity of the existing clinical lesions, the duration of the disease, the effectiveness of previous therapies, and the tendency to develop scars.<\/p>\n

Before starting therapy, it is important to consider the factors involved in the disease’s pathogenesis, with better results when more pathogenic factors are addressed by the applied therapy. Treatment is carried out with topical preparations that have comedolytic and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as systemic use of antibiotics or isotretinoin.<\/p>\n

Acne treatment is a lengthy process that requires good cooperation between the dermatologist and the patient, ensuring effective control of new lesions. Often, it is necessary to wait a few weeks after starting the prescribed therapy to see its effects, and sometimes, a temporary worsening at the beginning of the treatment may occur.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

How do acne occur?<\/h2>\n

People with acne often share the same problem with someone in their immediate family (father, mother, brother, or sister). It is believed that we inherit the size of sebaceous glands and their functional sensitivity to hormonal influence, as well as a tendency toward follicular keratosis. This refers to hormones with androgenic effects, whose circulating levels in the blood may not be elevated, but the sebaceous glands are more sensitive to them. Increased sebum secretion is one of the main prerequisites for acne development, and due to keratinization disorders, dead epithelial cells and sebum accumulate in the follicle, creating favorable conditions for bacteria and subsequent formation of comedones. The first appearance of the disease may occur before the age of 10.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Acne in adulthood<\/h2>\n

Acne is not only common among teenagers, as it is estimated that 15% of women and 5% of men suffer from acne in adulthood. In adulthood, acne is more commonly seen on the lower part of the face, on the chin, and along the jawline. These changes occur due to various etiological factors, such as hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle (especially a few days before menstruation), after stopping oral hormonal contraception, due to polycystic ovary syndrome, perimenopause, and menopause. Stressful periods, taking certain medications, using inappropriate skincare products, and other factors can also cause acne in adulthood.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Does diet affect the occurrence of acne?<\/h2>\n

Much has been said about the impact of diet on worsening acne. Over the years, opinions have changed on this topic. According to recent research, excessive consumption of foods with a high glycemic index can worsen acne. A diet rich in carbohydrates leads to the secretion of higher amounts of insulin. Hyperinsulinemia induces increased secretion of androgens, glucocorticoids, and growth factors, which cause keratinization disorders in the follicle and increased sebum secretion, leading to the formation of comedones, and later papules and pustules. It is known that acne is a common problem in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, who, in addition to hormone imbalance and other symptoms, also have insulin resistance or hyperinsulinemia.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Treatment of acne<\/h2>\n

Since acne is a chronic disease, it is important to start effective therapy as soon as possible to avoid psychological consequences and scarring. The treatment approach depends on several factors: the severity of the existing clinical lesions, the duration of the disease, the response to previous therapies, and the tendency to develop scars. Before starting therapy, it is important to consider the factors involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, as better results are achieved when more pathogenic factors are addressed by the applied therapy.<\/p>\n

Treatment is carried out with topical preparations that have comedolytic and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as systemic use of antibiotics or isotretinoin. Acne treatment is a lengthy process that requires good cooperation between the dermatologist and the patient, ensuring effective control of new lesions. Often, it is necessary to wait several weeks after starting the prescribed therapy to see its effects, and sometimes a temporary worsening of symptoms may occur at the beginning of treatment.<\/p>\n

For extremely severe forms of acne that do not respond to other forms of therapy, oral isotretinoin is prescribed, a vitamin A derivative, which is an extremely effective medication that acts on all etiological factors of acne. Isotretinoin may have side effects that need to be carefully monitored. The most common side effects are dryness of mucous membranes and skin, especially the lips, which require increased care. The drug increases the skin’s sensitivity to sunlight, so sun protection measures are essential. Since isotretinoin can rarely cause an increase in triglycerides, cholesterol, and liver enzymes, regular laboratory tests and dermatological check-ups are important.<\/p>\n

It is important to emphasize the teratogenic effects of the drug, so isotretinoin should only be used if reliable contraception is applied in women, which should continue during and for at least one month after discontinuing treatment. A pregnancy test should be done before starting the medication, and the drug should be introduced on the 2nd day of the menstrual cycle, with repeated pregnancy tests at monthly intervals.<\/p>\n

More about acne treatment at Dermaplus Clinic<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Acne vulgaris or simply acne is a common chronic inflammatory skin condition that occurs during puberty and adolescence, a period of significant psychosocial and physical changes. The disease affects more than 85% of young people aged 11 to 25 years. 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